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Hot-dip galvanization is a form of galvanization. It is the process of coating iron and steel with a layer of zinc by immersing the metal in a bath of molten zinc at a temperature of around . When exposed to the atmosphere, the pure zinc (Zn) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form zinc oxide (ZnO), which further reacts with carbon dioxide (CO2) to form zinc carbonate (ZnCO3), a usually dull grey, fairly strong material that stops further corrosion in many circumstances, protecting the steel below from the elements. Galvanized steel is widely used in applications where corrosion resistance is needed without the cost of stainless steel, and can be identified by the crystallization patterning on the surface (often called a "spangle").〔 〕 Galvanized steel can be welded; however, one must exercise caution around the resulting toxic zinc fumes. Galvanized steel is suitable for high-temperature applications of up to . The use of galvanized steel at temperatures above this will result in peeling of the zinc at the ''inter metallic'' layer. Electrogalvanized sheet steel is often used in automotive manufacturing to enhance the corrosion performance of exterior body panels; this is, however, a completely different process which tends to achieve lower coating thicknesses of zinc. Like other corrosion protection systems, galvanizing protects steel by acting as a barrier between steel and the atmosphere. However zinc is a more electronegative metal in comparison to steel, this is a unique characteristic for galvanizing which means that when a galvanized coating is damaged and steel is exposed to the atmosphere, zinc can continue to protect steel through galvanic corrosion (often within an annulus of 5 mm above which electron transfer rate decreases). == Process == The process of hot-dip galvanizing results in a metallurgical bond between zinc and steel with a series of distinct iron-zinc alloys. The resulting coated steel can be used in much the same way as uncoated. A typical hot-dip galvanizing line operates as follows:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hotdipgalvanizing.com/hot_dip_galvanizing_process/index.html )〕 * Steel is cleaned using a caustic solution. This removes oil/grease, dirt, and paint. * The caustic cleaning solution is rinsed off. * The steel is pickled in an acidic solution to remove mill scale. * The pickling solution is rinsed off. * A flux, often zinc ammonium chloride is applied to the steel to inhibit oxidation of the cleaned surface upon exposure to air. The flux is allowed to dry on the steel and aids in the process of the liquid zinc wetting and adhering to the steel. * The steel is dipped into the molten zinc bath and held there until the temperature of the steel equilibrates with that of the bath. * The steel is cooled in a quench tank to reduce its temperature and inhibit undesirable reactions of the newly formed coating with the atmosphere. Lead is often added to the molten zinc bath to improve the fluidity of the bath (thus limiting excess zinc on the dipped product by improved drainage properties), helps prevent floating dross, makes dross recycling easier and protects the kettle from uneven heat distribution from the burners.〔(Lohse et al., Adaptation to Scientific and Technical Progress of Annex II Directive 2000/53/EC, January 2008 ) Lead addition described on page 12〕 Lead is either added to primary Z1 grade zinc or already contained in used secondary zinc. A third, declining method is to use low Z5 grade zinc.〔(European Commission, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Non Ferrous Metals Industries, December 2001 ) Primary zinc grade table on page 15〕 Steel strip can be hot-dip galvanized in a continuous line. Hot-dip galvanized steel strip (also sometimes loosely referred to as galvanized iron) is extensively used for applications requiring the strength of steel combined with the resistance to corrosion of zinc. roofing and walling, safety barriers, handrails, consumer appliances and automotive body parts. One common use is in metal pails. Galvanised steel is also used in most heating and cooling duct systems in buildings Individual metal articles, such as steel girders or wrought iron gates, can be hot-dip galvanized by a process called batch galvanizing. Other modern techniques have largely replaced hot-dip for these sorts of roles. This includes ''electrogalvanizing'', which deposits the layer of zinc from an aqueous electrolyte by electroplating, forming a thinner and much stronger bond. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hot-dip galvanization」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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